Physical and mental development 1

430. When your child is four months, his weight should be about six pounds. But if a child's weight and smaller, it's still no reason to be upset. Physical development depends on many factors - also from the original, for example, the weight and length at birth, heredity plays a big role - I mean the constitution. Inherited physical characteristics of a lifetime.
431. You continue to regularly weigh the child and plot the curve of his body weight. As before, the curve features a smooth and steady growth. There shall be no sudden changes - sharp teeth. And it should not be long-term (more than a week) hangs on the same level, which may suggest that, for some reason, the child stopped gaining weight. If you notice that the curve of weight stopped, please consult your pediatrician.
432. At this age, weight gain per week is not always the same. At one week increase may be 190 grams, and the next - 230. Do not worry about it, that's fine.
433. You will not necessarily weigh the baby every day. Enough to do it once a week. And so - to the end of the year.
434. You may have noticed, as soon as a child to realize that the hands are heard him, he was very surprised at first, but then started to increasingly use hand-nchte by appointment, that is, began to miss them all, feel, draw to themselves. Kid already understands the world around him, not only by the organs of sight and hearing, but also to the touch. And after a while - and the taste, it pulls all the objects in his mouth. It is useless to him from doing so - the kid is in the power of instinct. Your task is not to give the child an object that contains too much on themselves microbes (in a small number of microorganisms are present everywhere, except, of course, subjects underwent a special treatment).
435. Soon you will notice that the child pulls the mouth not only objects, but also the arms themselves, and he has a habit of sucking her finger. This needs to be discouraged because of the habits of the baby called the process increases salivation, and eventually formed the jaw properly (and later, respectively - the teeth). In addition, significantly bent fingers, which the child has chosen for sucking.
As soon as you notice that the baby is sucking her fingers, pull it out of their mouth. Do this consistently, but not rude.
436. However, you can not continually come to the child and pull him fingers or fist mouth. You have a lot of other worries. Try to wear gloves child, best of all - wool, woolen mittens have unpleasant long nap, and the child usually unlearn the habit.
437. If you have not helped and woolen mittens, try make a special cardboard sleeve. They are reminiscent of tube length of 10-15 cm These cuffs are placed on the elbow and prevent elbow bend. The child now, even if very much wants to stick his fingers in his mouth, could not do it. The cuffs are placed on the hands of a few days, and sometimes - up to a week. This time is usually enough to baby weaned from a bad habit.
438. For nipples beware. No, the baby sucked on her day and night. The child has grown considerably and it could do without nipples. Try to wean the baby from her nipples.
439. How to wean a child from nipples? Just calling assistant patience. A child asks for a pacifier, naughty, and you do not let us, you know that from the nipples can be harmful - the child eventually develop malocclusion.
Some mothers at the instigation of the grandmothers in order to wean the baby from the nipples, nipple smear mustard ... Do not do that, do not torture the child.
440. It sometimes happens that a child confuse day and night. You go to bed, and after your baby wakes up in the morning and began active life: something babbles, knocking his hand over a rattle, hanging over him, starts to crawl in bed ... A dad early in the morning, and he woke up, already can not sleep, nervous, angry. Also, my mother wants to rest, for her night's sleep is even more important: she breast-feeds the baby, and if the mother is chronically sleep, she can disappear milk ... Be patient. Do not swear at the child. Especially because he still does not know what he should do. Not even to raise his voice - you just scare him.
441. How to direct mode waking and child in the right direction? Try to find an already established irregularity in the mode of the day and night. Think about it: why the child to one in the morning or two already feeling refreshed and looking for your own?
Perhaps your child is sleeping too much during the day, because with it no one does. This is one of the most likely causes. A child left to himself, a toy that is in bed, and he was tired, and he does not even look at this toy. Instead of playing, not moving, not tired.
There is another important point: it is too close to one of actively playing with the baby for the night and his overexcited. For example, the dad came home from work, dinner, rest a bit on the couch and then decided to play with the heir. And bother the baby, and laughing, and turning, and even throws up to the ceiling. The child is, of course, I do. But after such a fun night he could not sleep.
442. Some parents (let's hope there are not many), irritated by what else about the child, beat him. In all likelihood, not much -
but all the same! .. Such a child, of course, will sleep disturbing sleep and waking up at night, incurring even greater resentment unwise parents.
443. Your child for four months, he grew up after the hospital - even you notice it, although you can see the child every day. However, your baby is too weak and requires careful handling - always remember that. When taking the child in his arms, holding it properly to avoid damage, do not bend the spine - it's still so tender. Your child has to keep his head well.
If you have to hold the baby in his arms, then he lays back and shoulder blades in your upper arm, and the lower part of the body, hold the free arm.
444. Do you have experience and you're not shaking while holding the baby in her arms. Did not inhibit his movement. Kid wants to move his arms and legs - even wiggles, wants to reach out - even stretches, from his long lying, perhaps stiff muscles, and stretch so nicely.
445. But do not teach your child to the hands, do not keep it on hand for too long. This way you only hurt themselves and the child.
446. Your child is very curious. He no longer lezhitsya quietly in place. He turns his head back and forth, the subject matter, is trying to reach them. Sometimes even tries to sit up. This is certainly a reason to rejoice parents. But do not plant the child. If the child has not yet sat down himself, so he is not ready to sit (not stronger spine, back muscles are not strong enough). Sometimes parents draped baby pillows, so he sat. No need to do that. Haste can do harm. Nature prepare the baby, and he would sit by himself.
447. But sometimes you would like to help your child sit down. This will be the kind of game that strengthens the muscles of the back of the child. You substitute his fingers, he grabs them and tries to sit up. Allow it to sit for a moment, and again put. From time to time go back to this game.
448. At the age of four months after no freedom of movement to the child. Let him jerk legs and arms in his own pleasure. This is necessary for proper physical development.
449. Turn the baby from side to side, lay it on the tummy. You will notice that, lying on her stomach, your child bends his back, turns his head to the left and the right - perhaps these movements occur because the child does not want to lie with her nose buried in a sheet. From these movements back and neck muscles get stronger quickly. Can please baby light back massage. Children enjoy massage.
450. Often change the position of the baby, as he lies in bed. He sleeps on his left side, then on the right, and when awake, lie down on your back. Such a change in body position is important because the time to eliminate congestion in the muscles, and therefore the muscles are not too tired. In addition, the child is not deformed head (sometimes a flattened occiput observed with monotonous posture on the back).
451. You can already assess themselves psychophysical development of their child. At the age of four months in a normal child can do the following:
- Lying on his stomach, turned on his side;
- When you pick him up, well hold her head;
- When he lies on his back, sometimes raises his head and made no attempt to sit on their own;
- During wakefulness is actively moving arms and legs, were near enough all things;
- Lying on his stomach, rests in the hands of the mattress and slightly raises the body;
- Very interested in everything that is going on around, looks around, finds a voice answers smile a smile, determines where the sound source and tries to turn him;
- Try a voice babbling, laughing;
- Is very interested in toys, expresses joy when a new toy;
- If in the next room the music starts, the child stops and listens with curiosity.
452. There is a pattern: the more care and attention you have for your child, the better it develops in psychophysical terms. You - this is the source from which derives kid. You have to be open. Do not be lazy, is more concerned with the baby. Talk to him, sing songs to him - and not necessarily just lullabies, displayed toys, name colors, paint vivid pictures. Child - like a sponge, it absorbs all the impressions. Perhaps he is not able to show the stock of knowledge, but rest assured - something postponed.
453. You have not noticed that the child babbles. Those sounds, he says, until bear no semantic load. This is only sample voice sample of the vocal apparatus. Learn to speak, learn new words it will be a long time ', and so far is only the beginning. Folded in a certain way the lips, tongue pressed against the gums and utter a sound - it's so interesting. This entertaining game for children. Participate in this game, set the tone - pronounce different sounds, but that the child can see your lips.
454. Talk with your child in a calm voice. He feels more confident when he sees that you are calm. This inherent nature: the child - a little mirror of your condition. If you are concerned with something, the child will notice and it is quick too worried.
455. Talking with your child, show him on subjects which call. In the future, this knowledge will help the child to talk faster.
456. But do not forget the sense of proportion. Not too Tire baby. The limits of its capabilities are quite small. Catching up with such a young child is too active, trying to please his own ambition to make it a prodigy, you can only do harm.
457. If you notice that the child has lost interest in the subject, not Strive. The child was tired - filled with impressions "to the eyeballs." He needed some time to digest these experiences.
458. Some mothers behave reasonably, from the fifth month to teach a child to a cup. One-glo-
point of juice or a cup of boiling water - that is all that is required to start. But it is significantly widens the horizon of the child. Baby will know that food can be taken not only from the breast or bottle. Over time, you will be easier to take away from the child.
459. First you hold the cup themselves and pressed her lips to the edge of the child. Then you give a child a cup in hand - for example, a plastic cup (if the child and release it, then do not break). Gradually, the baby learns to handle the cup itself.
460. Show your child how to drink from a cup for yourself. Object lesson means a lot to him.
461. Of course, not every child is upset over the contents of the cup. Without such "accidents" can not do nothing. Control yourself, do not be angry with the child, do not yell at him, take an effort and keep calm. Child change their clothes, talk to him like an adult. Kids of all ages love it when they are treated as adults. And, perhaps, not in the world a child who would have liked when he was lisp (why some adults think that children need to talk like that?).
462. Stick to your chosen day routine. Precise mode - this is one of the foundations on which the normal life of the child. The body loves rhythm. Adapting to the rhythm, as if the baby itself predicts the near future and prepare for it. When such training is much easier for many physiological processes.
463. The fifth month of the child's weight should approximately double in relation to birth weight. That is, your baby already weighs about seven pounds. If you want to know how the child is gaining weight a day, you can do a rough calculation. You can do it - about twenty grams. But you already know that different children vary and these numbers. One child adds 19 grams per day, the other - 23 grams. Both - the norm.
464. Until about the ninth month of life, the child is gaining weight by 16-18 grams per day. Two weeks about 250 grams. Based on these figures, you can do some calculations.
465. With six months of age is entering a new stage in the development of the child. Since that time the so-called period of imitation.
Of course, the child is too small to behave like an adult leads. Externally, the child may even respond in any way (in terms of role models) on our behavior is what he observes. But in his mind, in memory, if a matrix imprinted words and whole phrases uttered by us, the style of our behavior, displays of affection.
A child may not yet realize that it is impressed, but over time will understand. Therefore more closely than before, take care of yourself, especially pay attention to the expression of negative emotions - of course, the emotions you show no respect to the child. But he - unwitting witness. Do not be surprised if he ever give you that "record" now.
466. You do not just pay attention to how your child is sleeping. You even admired them - asleep. And have you noticed - not open his mouth if he's asleep? If open, the reasons for this may be two: either the child had a cold and a stuffy nose or a child adenoids. And in both cases you need, do not hesitate to contact your pediatrician. A pediatrician, if deemed necessary, appoint expert advice.
467. At six months of age, some children may already be the first teeth erupt - two on the lower incisor teeth. Most of the children is the "acquisition", which causes a lot of joy in the family, there is a seven month old. Do other kids first teeth erupt late.
In time, when all the baby teeth erupt, you counted twenty. And they should last for a child under school age. Therefore it is very important to protect them.
468. Child's baby teeth as permanent, do not grow out of nothing. Baby teeth laid the baby in the gums, permanent - even deeper in the jaw. Therefore, taking care of baby teeth should begin long before his birth. During pregnancy, this care is almost the same - in the right nutrition to the body mothers attended all the vitamins and minerals in sufficient quantities. This requirement also applies to subsequent feeding of the child.
Permanent teeth begin to "break" for about six years old.
469. The diet of the child, regardless of the feed him breast milk or cow's milk or
mixtures should contain sufficient elements such as calcium and phosphorus. It was under their full participation is growing bone. Also need a sufficient presence of vitamins A, C, D.
470. It is noted that regular sunbathing beneficial effect on bone formation, in particular, and teeth.
471. A child during teething noticed excessive salivation. Some people believe that these processes are somehow linked. Some authors believe that there is no link exists, it is usually a coincidence. For mom who took care of the child, there is little practical value - is associated with increased teething salivation or not related, except that should more pillow your head baby diaper, folded several times.
472. If you notice one day that your baby has intensified the process of salivation, and thought that was about to go teeth, not ahead of time, do not let the baby chewing hard objects, for example, drying, bagels, bread crusts ... Here lies the danger that a child will bite off a piece of gum in saliva sodden drying, and can not swallow, then this unfortunate piece can become lodged in the airway. You now understand what is the risk ...
Do not customize the natural processes.

473. If your child has 'gone' teeth and you find that a little fever that the baby was vomiting and diarrhea, do not dump all these unpleasant moments on teeth. It may well be that
blame a new food product that you have given your child today. Or baby sick ...
Do not have doubts, call your doctor.
474. If your child has not erupted teeth on time, do not worry. It is not associated with any disease. Remember that each person is different, and this identity is manifested in everything.
475. It happens that the baby teeth appear difficult: the gums swell, become painful, the child is naughty. In this case, you should contact your clinic to the dentist.
476. Not ruled out such a situation: the baby teeth come in time, but they are, do you think that is wrong - as if pointing forward. This may be a result of the baby sucking fingers or too friendly with the bottle. Care should be taken to eliminate bad habits. And consult with an expert - dentist.
477. At six months, your baby starts to sit quietly. But he can not sit still for long and confident. Back muscles he just developed ... Do you really want your child was sitting, you do want it to hurry up. And you reap the child in the pillows ... Do not do it! The child himself will be sitting where the body prepare for when your muscles get stronger. Speeding up this process can lead to curvature of the spine.
478. You notice that the child pull the handle, wants to sit. You can offer him the finger, let
He grabbed for them, help them to sit down for a minute, but no more. This game should strengthen the muscles of the child, and not to bother him.
479. Six months, most children are already able to confident enough to hold his head. But still for some time, you can still help him do it. When you take the child in his arms, keep it deep under the arms - in this case, you pinch the baby blood vessels and nerves. And thus deliver the child discomfort.
480. In his leisure hours young parents do not mind to play around with your baby. Child after the game, too, is a great pleasure ... During these games take care. Do not pick up the child by the hand. The muscles and ligaments in his still weak and can not withstand the load, this will lead to a dislocation of the shoulder joints.
481. If you notice that your child is restless, nervous, but seems to be healthy, what does it mean?
This can only mean one thing: around the child adversity. Or the child is constantly shouting, straighten it, scold, forgetting that he was still very young, or the child is a witness of domestic disputes and quarrels. Child, perhaps, does not understand arguments, but it's great to feel the negative emotional ...
Do not demand too much of the kid. Be with him calmly, moderately demanding, and not too strict. And it does not let yourself shouting at the child, unless you want it to have grown nervous.
Do not make a child in the presence of quarrels. Without quarreling not do no family, no matter how perfect it declared itself either. But you, young parents, can find out the relationship between themselves and closed the kitchen or other room. Harmful child to hear conversation in a raised voice.
482. Near the child should prevail peace and quiet, is a prerequisite for sustainable development of normal mentality. Try to talk with your child calm serious or tender (no baby talk) voice. But do not indulge too much baby-care of it can form a capricious nature.
483. Try not to invite back the noisy companies themselves avoid too crowded places. Anniversaries, celebrations with or without, party - not the best place for your child, even if he came to visit, you place it in a separate room. Do not forget that you pulled him out of his usual environment ... Behind the wall is the noise, loud music, laughter ... and in a week you will wonder: why is your child to become nervous, starts ...
484. Anxiety in the child appears at constant violations of the agenda, which the child is already used to. Learn how to plan your day so as not to break the rules.
485. Do not let myself or anyone else from the family to arrange with the child is very noisy games. When a child is too many laughs, this is bad, this may be one of the causes of his nervousness.
486. At the age of six months, the child will not have to wake up at night. Starting actively move, he tired in the evening, in addition, he was more than ever, eats for the evening feeding and only have time to get hungry in the morning. If your baby wakes up at night, you should search for the reason - why he's worried. It is appropriate to consult on this issue at the pediatrician.
487. Putting the baby to sleep without rocking it without lulls, do not carry from room to room. The child needs to know the very hours of his sleep. Wanted him more independence: put baby to bed - two minutes later he was asleep. Of course, to achieve this independence from the child is not easy, and not on each child to do this. But you know now what to strive for.
488. If your child still does not sleep at the proper time to sleep or waking up at night and even a few times, do not get angry at him, do not swear, do not raise your voice, not make it worse. Keep patience, if you want your child grows healthy and balanced character.
489. You suddenly thought that your child Crickley - and this is different from other children his age. Possible. But do not forget that a child - your little mirror. Maybe, you and flashy? If so, do the findings continue to be calm when the child. Imitation for children - a lifestyle for many years (and probably not just for kids).
490. If you are sure you conduct yourself when baby is always calm, look for the cause of a shout perhaps
child needs something or ill. Call the pediatrician.
491. But in that case, if you are sure that the baby is healthy, well fed, does not want to drink, that he was not cold, and that he "went to the pants," and simply naughty, do not rush to approach it, even yell a little bit (but of course not as long as you come running perepoloshennye neighbors). If a child feels slack and notice that you take the time to his every cry, it will not leave you alone.
492. You read a lot of literature on young children, you have a friend with the same young children or your friends have already raised their children and now you authoritatively say that your baby is six months old should be able to so and so ... And you kind of have noticed that your baby have not yet know how. Do not worry, everything will come. Look to your child closely, perhaps he knows something that others are not able. Every child from birth - individuality.
493. At the age of seven months, the child gains weight of 110-120 grams per week. His weight, depending on the individual, from 8 to 8.5 pounds, and sometimes more. Remember to control your weight.
494. In the seventh month, most children already fully incisors erupt from below. You have a chance to look at them.
If teeth have not appeared yet? Occasionally it does happen. Examine the gums is possible that the teeth have
visible. Wash your hands with soap and water, slide on baby gums. You can even feel the teeth under the mucous ... But if they are not in sight, consult a doctor.
495. Delay in teething can occur because of errors in diet or lack of intake of vitamin D. Would be correct if the correction in the food enters your district pediatrician.
496. Assess the physical and mental development of its seven-month baby you are able to. He should be able to:
- Independently sit and sit without any support several minutes;
- Freely turned his back on his side and back;
- Strong hand grab his subjects of interest;
- Confidently and looked pronounce different sounds;
- It is easy to recognize familiar faces;
- Happy to make contact.
The child has a cheerful good humor prevails.
497. In the eighth month, as before, continue to raise children. In waking hours playing with him in the quiet development games, talking. Maintain a smile and a kind word optimistic mood baby. The character does not develop on its own, although, of course, it has a hereditary basis. Vypestovyvaetsya character.
498. At the end of the eighth month of your baby should weigh about nine pounds. If you attach great importance to the accuracy of regular weight measurements shall then be sure to weigh in the same conditions. Keep in mind, you weigh in clothes or naked baby after discharge of a chair or - do. It is recommended to weigh the baby each time before feeding.
499. Some children at the age of two are crooked legs That should not worry parents and relatives, the curvature gradually disappear. Typically, crooked legs - a consequence of a certain position of the child in the womb.
500. But just in case you need to pay attention to your doctor the baby's legs, because the curvature can be a consequence of rickets. The doctor will examine the child for other signs of the disease, and the need to take action.
501. When the child does not get up on its feet, do not try to speed up this process. This is dangerous because a child can curl legs, bones in a child under one year are soft and flexible and is not able to retain the increased load. Also, do not encourage your child and crawl. Maybe you feel that your child moves less than other children? Perhaps this is still true. Wait a little, nature will take its toll and the child quickly make up for that missed.
502. The eighth month of life, many children are already quite active crawl. At first the children were crawling on his belly, starting from the feet of an object or wall beds, then get up on all fours. If you notice that your baby has started to creep into the blood-
fleece, it's time to think about creating the conditions for crawling. Get a playpen or block off a corner for "exercise" of the child.
503. Do not allow your child to crawl into bed, where he sleeps. Otherwise, he may have difficulty falling asleep. If you stick to some rule (for example, do not allow your child to crawl in bed), do not do it out of exemptions. The child must navigate the environment. The mode of the day and on the order in an environment focused many of his reflexes.
504. You have fenced off a corner in which the child (if he wishes) can crawl, as they want. You removed from this angle all items with sharp edges traumatic. You lay a soft blanket on the floor ... However, it still sometimes found scratches on his hands and knees baby, bumps on his forehead. Do not worry about it too much. Little injury to your child just needed - so formed the first experience.
505. You have a little educate their children - perhaps even thinking about it. Educate by example. He was closely watching you, even something little to imitate you. Your child, though small, and already quite subtle psychologist, do not make mistakes, the child notices them. When he builds his behavior, he built and tailored to your mistakes.
506. Always patiently explain what you want to achieve from the child. He needs to hear it, he was very much aware. Tell him it's time to sleep, and bedding; saying it is time for a walk, and go for a walk. Show the pot and say that we should try to go to the potty. The child must know what exactly to achieve it.
507. Never cancel their orders. This is a bad effect on the character of the child, as you plant it is optional. For example, you said to your baby that it's time to sleep, and have started to play with it ... The next time you say that you go to bed, and the child would think to obey.
508. Not brought up in such an unpleasant child quality as stubbornness. After all, with time and are free to suffer from his stubbornness. Stubbornness and tendency to the whims - they are to each other is very close ... Basics of stubbornness - in primitive entertainment. You give your child a toy and then pull off with a laugh, then again, give and take away again. Not so fun. And do not let others just have fun with your child.
Child's play - it is very serious.
509. Moodiness and stubbornness are sometimes generated, if the child is surrounded by a "taboo" subjects. For example, a pair of scissors in the hands of the mother or father's spokes or lighter. A child pulls a hand to such a subject. You say, "No!" And the child still stretches. And even crying. You give him a hold on a minute, you control (if only to stop crying), and making a mistake. If you say "No!", Then you can not give. Otherwise, the child will feel slack and the next time you fall behind - will raise a cry! ..
510. Once you have your character stand and periodically thereafter, "back" way of behavior that the child did not doubt his whims will not pass.
511. Not the child's tempting "taboo" subjects, that there was no more reason for the conflict. But if he saw the same pair of scissors and asks them, pulling them a hand, refuse to him calmly and firmly.
512. Never yell at a child, it does not pull up on every petty issue. You'll make him nervous and dependent, indecisive. Before you commit any act, all his life he will look back at you.
513. Well, when there is a child always has toys - one or the other. But even better, when there exist safe for the baby, but practical, subjects - those whom he will last a lifetime: coil of thread, plastic cup, soap dish, leather shoe etc. Communicating with these items, the child develops, acquires skills.
514. Do not pamper children excessive attention, although not show how careful you are to your child. If you want to achieve something from a child, say, what it is you want, and after that will certainly woo. The child should feel your steadfastness, he must know that you are, though, and tender, but firm.
515. Your child has long been practicing pronunciation. At first he just tried to vote, and then he began to receive even whole syllables - that is, a child, except vowels already mastered and some consonants. You watch him, he will utter a single syllable and freeze - listens.
In turn, he carefully watches over you, you say? It monitors your lips. Strive to ensure that the child can see your lips when you talk to him.
516. Syllables that says your child is not yet have a specific meaning, but you can play a very useful for the development of the baby game, saying "ma-ma ... pa-pa ... "And you let it imitates. No doubt, the child already knows who they are ...
517. At the age of eight months the child already knows how much. It is active, is always in a good mood, moves a lot, says a lot of sounds, including certain syllables. For it is not particularly difficult to roll over on his stomach with the back and forth, he did crawl. A child at this age rather good use of his hands and takes different subjects. And boasts two lower incisors ...
Based on the above, you have the opportunity to assess the psychological and physical development of the child. If you suspect that something in his development is delayed, please consult your pediatrician.
518. We have already said that the child is dangerous to give small things because he can shove them in his ear, or nose, and there is a danger
obstruction (blockage) of the airways. But this does not mean that the child should not be given small objects at all. Once because he needs to learn to deal with them! .. Take, for example, buttons. Nanizhite them on a strong thread, and let your baby (but always under the supervision of an adult) to play with them. You'll see how his fingers were deft.
519. The nine-month child can sit well - surely a long time, without any help. He should get used to the pot. A desire to go to the potty in time gets sound mark - in the form of very serious "ah." This is the "aa" a very easy life, and my mother and the child - because it is very important not to miss a session. Gradually accustom the baby to say nice "aa" in case of need.
520. Do not allow a child to sit on the pot more than 7-8 minutes. It is harmful.
521. Do not distract the child when he is sitting on the pot. He must deal with concentration "in the business." Otherwise, the child will be sitting for a long time. Do not give him toys while sitting on the pot.
522. Guests come to you, who you respect and even love, and your kid has announced its "aa". Do not decide to swear on the kid, he did the right thing.
523. If your child has spent eight minutes on the pot and it does not end there, it is possible that after a while it got dirty diapers. In this case, you have every right to express his displeasure with the child. Note you have to do rigorous, but not

Physical and mental development

70. Perhaps the first step is to learn the truth that the child - this is not a miniature adult, and has very specific characteristics that must be considered. In every age the features.
71. Remember that a child's character is formed from the first days of his life - in dialogue with you. Begins with the character formation of conditioned reflexes: positive and negative. Caring parents - to the positive conditioned reflexes was more, and negative, of course, smaller. Positive conditioned reflexes arise on a regular diet, regular as hygiene, communication, affection. In all matters relating to the child must feel the order mode. The child should feel cared for.
But if you're not consistent, irritable, and sometimes even evil (because it happens so do not want to get up at night - baby diapers, and even if you do, Dad, early in the morning - at work), then the child will form the character of the nerve - and it will not interfere him (and not only him) life.
72. In the early days, you came home from the hospital, you and your child be sure to visit the nurse and the district pediatrician. Do not hesitate to ask them any questions about your child and care for it.
73. Recommended to regularly weigh the child. This can be done in a clinic. But it's convenient, of course, at home. Where to get the balance? .. In the past this was a problem. Now if you want to buy, it seems, everything. And for your own child what not to do! ..
In the first year alone will not prevent control weight gain with a table in which the x-axis - the child's weight in grams, while the vertical axis - months or weeks of life. In a normal curve, which turns you on the table, should be smooth - no sudden jumps up and down. If within a few days the line is kept at the same level, you should not worry. When the baby is healthy, when he has a good appetite, he gets the desired weight.
74. Pediatricians determine an individual were to become the child's weight by the use of various formulas and calculations wise. Parents need to know that their child is in the first three months of life in normal development should daily gain of 20 to 30 grams of weight.
75. Do not overfeed children. Fat kid, does not mean beautiful. Overweight - not a guarantee against disease.
76. As a rule, young mothers and fathers at first afraid to even take a baby in her arms. This is no accident. They do not know how to take the baby. He's so fragile and delicate, small.
You can not raise a child by the hand.
You can not hold the baby so that was thrown back his head. Sure the child's head should be supported.
Holding the baby is not difficult to learn: the child is practically in your left hand, and the head
adheres to the elbow, right hand you support legs. In other words, it is necessary that the baby had three body areas of support - the head., At the level of the blades and at the level of the pelvis.
77. From the early days do not need to nurse the child - should not be needlessly need to take him in her arms, rocking, lulled. The child quickly becomes accustomed to such treatment and can not without luxury, demands it naughty. And if my mother, and once occupied, can not babysit him again, the child indulges in all serious - raises a cry. Like it or not, we have to concede. So your kid is spoiled.
78. No need to panic at the first cry of the child. Generally in the first months of life, the child often cries. But his cry - it is not only a signal of a certain troubles or need. Cry - it is also a gym. During cry many muscle groups are utilized: the cervical, thoracic, abdominal. And the cry of a must for development.
79. Maternal instinct and pushes her mother to the child who cried. Instincts - no joke. Mom is not sit still finds until the baby cries. But do not go to the child to cry. Let him yell a couple of minutes. Creek is also useful for the lungs - to extend to them the full gas exchange takes place, and for some groups of muscles, as we said above ... But if he does not calm down, then you have to look for the cause of his tears.
Can be several reasons:
- The child "went" in diapers,
- The child is uncomfortable (eg, crush shovchik undershirts)
- The child is hungry or thirsty.
In the first case, the child should be perepelenat. In the second case - to reconsider his clothes (experienced moms know, of course, that the vests worn inside-out seams so they are not crushed and rubbed on the tender skin of the child.) And in the third case - just look at the clock, is not it time feeding your baby. If this was not the time, do not hurry up and break the daily routine. We must wait. After mode - a system to which the child gets used to continue on her, as the foundation is based. A body on the observations of scientists loves all kinds of systems, guesses they rhythm, adapt to this rhythm and only then moves (growth and development) on this rhythm as on autopilot ... Understand. Maybe your child just wants to drink. Give him some water boiled with a teaspoon or sweet tea.
80. If the child still does not calm down, you need to look for the cause in the state of his stomach. Remember, if a child has long departed chair ... Young children often tormented called flatulence - accumulated gases. Tummy in this case, "hard", and increased slightly in size. Help your child a gentle hand stroking his tummy massage, work his legs (bend them, pressing the abdomen kolenochki) changed several times its body position.
81. Some mothers, regarding the phenomenon of bloating indigestion, regularly give a child a teaspoon of chamomile broth, dill water and other teas. It helps, but not always.
Sometimes it is necessary to resort to special)! rubber tubes. In such a tube rounded smooth finish, and several side windows. Before use, be sure to boil up, then lubricate the tip with petroleum jelly or mineral oil and enter (without effort) baby's anus. Typically, this procedure helps: after a minute or gases depart, sometimes with feces, the child calms down, his belly is soft to the touch.
If you do not work and a pipe, immediately call your doctor. Do not hesitate to call the doctor for your child. Better to err on this side - that is, call the pediatrician once again, rather than thoughtlessly rely on "maybe" ...
82. Dill water or infusion of fennel - has long been a proven remedy for stomach pains. But we must not abuse this tool as abuse of ignorance some mothers, when there is a child fennel extract to quench thirst. This also applies to the present chamomile and peppermint.
When a child is thirsty, give him the best teas, baikhovi weak tea, boiled water, and mineral water can be - one of those labels which state that can be used for infants.
83. Some new parents feel that their child is urinating frequently. You should know that in the first week - normally up to ten times a day. Subsequently, this figure increases. The calculation is simple: the child urinates about three times on each feeding. That is up to twenty times a day. And from one to three times a day leaves the chair. This knowledge is necessary to calculate the number of diapers.
That parents do not panic, it will not be superfluous to know that the first-born child stool - meconium - a very
dark. Later chair brightens, becomes yellow.
84. Because the baby is too weak neck muscles had not developed, the head movement is limited, in less ventilated areas - at the back, at the neck - sometimes comes through sweat. If it is not removed in time, can cause irritation in the locations - in the form Punctate red rash. This so-called potnichka.
If you continue to not pay attention to it, stimulation under the influence of the new sweat may increase. When joining infections occur even pustules. And this is a serious complication. To prevent it, eliminates occasional sweat towel.
85. If you control the weight of the baby on the table, keep in mind, it should slowly and gradually rise. By the end of the fourth week of life, the child should weigh about four pounds. But do not worry if it weighs three and a half pounds. Must take into account individual differences.
The same goes for growth. In a normal term baby length - the average fifty centimeters. In the first few months of life, the child grows up to five inches. But if you find out that someone's child is more - do not worry.
86. Do not forget to pay attention to the condition of the navel of the child. Some children - especially troubled that "love" shout - shout at some belly bulge. Sometimes the navel forms a cry or cough quite a significant bump, sometimes reaching values ​​of walnut and more. This is an umbilical hernia, which occurs due to the weakness of the abdominal wall.
If you notice a hernia, immediately consult with your district pediatrician. There are cases - you have to have surgery, but more often a hernia removed herself as a child in a few months to pick up weight and develop more when fat tissue.
87. You are free to evaluate the mental development of the child. For example, check the main reflections:
- "Plantar" reflex - you slide your finger along the bottom, and the child pulls the foot,
- "Sucking" reflex - you slide your finger on the child's lips, and he readily puts her lips and smacked his lips, making sucking movements,
- "Grasping" reflex - you put the tip of a finger in a child's hand, and he squeezes it tight.
If the above (see, pretty funny) reflexes are present, your child - normal.
88. Some young parents from the first day, as soon as the child brought from the hospital, go to the apartment on tiptoe, afraid to disturb the newborn. Perhaps this is unnecessary. In the first few days after birth - about a week - the child is not well heard. Auditory nerve fully developed during the first year of life. Accordingly, the hearing of the baby develops gradually.
89. From the first days of life, pay attention to your baby's ears. With certainty the scientists established that the child in the womb can hear the muffled sounds, of course - the sound of music, voices. By the way, the voice of the mother child is different from the other: the voice he heard louder child perceives it not only the organ of hearing, and the body - the so-called tissue conductivity (you do not know how to listen to music of Beethoven, when he was complete deafness? He listening to music body - hugging piano). When the child was born and brought it to you first, he learns your voice. This voice his own. Talk to him more often. And remember that the child is already well distinguished tone, gentle tone of rigorous honors.
90. As for the development of hearing (not only physiological, but also music), try to get your child on the recommendation of some authors' bathed in the sound. " Of course, these "bath" should be carried out when the child is awake. In the first month of life your baby sleeps most of the time, but now he's a little older, and more often it's time communication. Talk to your baby, build up his ears and let in your home at times like the music - quiet peaceful music, from the classics something easy to guess from the melodic pattern.
91. Eye as a complex optical instrument also not fully developed in the newborn. Established, but you could clearly see that in the first days of the child still can not stare. Soon the baby will already have to deal with this case, but it is still some time unable to rebuild on the close and distant objects. He seems to be seeing the same distance. And the distance is 25-30 cm Hence the recommendation ...
92. If you want something to show her baby-bright toy, for example - keep it in front of him at a distance of 25-30 cm If you want your child to consider the expression of your face (and it already features gentle face of calm and the more stringent ), walk up to a child at a distance of 25-30 cm
It is appropriate to recall the recommendations of scientists to read: the book by reading the man was at a distance of 25-30 cm as you think it is a coincidence?
93. When a child sees your face, even if he sees the gentle smile. In this case, it feels safe, and his mood will be better. Kid understands. "Understanding" he provide instincts. They are for him as the "autopilot" in a sea of ​​emotions and sensations.
94. The child, opening the world, from the first days of life should involve all the senses. On the auditory and visual impressions we said. Organs of smell and taste of the child is also well developed and "work" - is established experimentally. Now, about the sense of touch ... When the child is awake, he needs to feel your body, feel the touch of your body. This is important for the proper formation of the senses, and to follow the correct orientation. If a child is not sleeping, mess with him a little more. He likes it, it is useful.
95. In the second month of life, a chair, a child may be from one to three or four times;-viscous consistency, the color yellow. If the high chair a green or watery, blood-streaked mucus, and if it is marked loss in weight of the child, contact a physician.
96. Often the baby immediately after feeding is a small regurgitation. This is normal and due to the fact that, along with the milk child swallows some air. Young parents usually worry that. They try to be very careful to put the child to bed, but he still spit up some milk. Experience shows that we should not rush to lay the baby after feeding. Hold your baby in a few minutes zertikalnom position, and you'll hear a slight sound belched air. Then you can boldly put the child to bed.
97. But it should rtlichat usual regurgitation of vomit. If regurgitation - a purely physiological phenomenon, the vomiting - is a sign of illness. Baby spit up milk is not altered traits: milk curds not, has the usual color and odor. If vomiting picture changes: milk curdle of vomiting, yellowish color and unpleasant sour smell. Usually accompanied by vomiting, fever - even in older children. Even with vomiting may be swollen tummy and the child is restless ... It is urgent to seek the help of a doctor.
98. There is an important rule that you need to know and follow. After feeding, do not place the child on his back. If he is lying on his back srygnet, the milk can get into the windpipe. This is very dangerous ...
Child eat - you put it on the flank.
99. Child in the first three months of life (and parents, respectively, since they love the kid) can pester hiccups. This is not a disease, and particularly worried when hiccups should not be. This is just a periodic involuntary contractions of the diaphragm. Hiccups usually appears after feeding and may continue for a long time - sometimes up to an hour. The child is much concern, but the trouble hiccup is that it can lead to regurgitation. Parents are just so happy that their baby had eaten, and suddenly - hiccup, followed by regurgitation.
It must be remembered that the most important thing hiccups mind: do not worry (not annoying) himself and not worry about their child.
Some people believe that there is a hiccup from overfeeding. Possible. Really, do not overfeed the child. Some experienced grandmother believe that hiccups child when frozen, hide his warm, apply a heating pad to the legs. Sometimes it helps. And if you work, then you can take note. Try ...
100. When hiccups can help and a warm drink. Try to give your child a few spoonfuls of weak warm tea or just warm boiled water.
101. Never forget that the skin of children is very delicate, and the child is still weak to successfully confront some unfavorable external factors. Be lightly long to keep the child lying on the wet - in wet diapers, and from this body to the baby diaper rash may appear. Intertrigo manifested as redness of the skin. Inflamed skin is very sensitive, painful. The child, of course, is restless, crying. If uncorrected, the site redness can develop blisters. The blisters then burst, and the picture comes from the unpleasant.
How to prevent diaper rash ...
- Strive perepelenat child in time;
- Pay attention to the quality of washing diapers (in the tissue may contain residues of uric acid, which, even in the dry diapers can irritate delicate skin).
102. If your child is prone to diaper rash, when it perepelenanii wipe clean with a damp cloth - just wipe the wet areas, and places of diaper rash handle fat baby cream.
103. One of the features of this age - strupiki on the scalp. Strupiki arise when excess secretions of skin glands. Allocation dry and then remove them is not easy. Strupiki have a yellowish color, sometimes translucent, sometimes scaly, and peel.
In no way be too active to clean baby's head from these strupikov, as this can injure the skin and make the infection. Even the smallest infection risks for the child, he's still so weak.
Strupiki removed with vegetable oil: a head bandage with oil - for the night. The next day, while bathing the baby's head should be washed with soap and water. And strupiki disappear.
104. Do not leave your child for a long time to lie in one position. He is still small and can not by itself turn. From long lying position without change muscles get tired child, and the child begins to worry. In addition, prolonged lying in one position adversely affects the formation of the baby's head. For example, if the child is lying on his back, then eventually his head may be slightly bevelled neck. This is explained by the fact that "fontanels" zone of growth - on the child's head is opened, the skull as it is plastic.
105. By two months of age the child becomes more active. He is able to rotate the head from side to side. If his field of vision occurs a moving object, a child watches his eyes. Activity is manifested in the fact that if a child put on his tummy, he begins to lift his head, bend your back and move the arms and legs.
The kid in this age already screaming more aware and demanding. Creek takes different colors: when a child is hungry, he cries do not like when he trouble with tummy.
Child missing handles all items that are close to him, and pulls them into his mouth. Your finger, pacifier or toy - no matter ... He is able to recognize that the face of my mother (or other relatives) and to respond to her smile.
At this age, the child gets used to sleep and wakefulness, eating regime. The parents on the other hand should try to adhere to the letter.
106. At the age of two months is enough to visit pediatrician at least once in two weeks.
107. Infants nails grow quickly, and if they are not cut, they can not break or bend. A child who is very active moving arms and legs, can scratch themselves. So do not forget to shave the baby nails. Each time after bathing the child to inspect the item.
Try to cut your nails carefully - without delivering your baby discomfort. When mom shave baby nails too short, it can cause pain. A child at this age has produced excellent reflexes, and the next time it just does not give you the pen will start to act up.
Marigolds in children under three months of very thin - they are not processed nail file, not to scratch. Hence, they should shave - leaving sharp points with rounding.
108. If you continue to regularly weigh the baby at home or in a child health clinic and drawing a graph of the weight, you should know that in normal curve should continue to move smoothly up and no sudden jumps. At the age of three months, the child should weigh about six pounds.
109. If you suddenly notice that the baby is not gaining weight within 10-14 days, please consult your pediatrician. Generally in the age of three months the child should add up to 200 grams weekly.
110. If before your child was enough exercise for crying, then to three months of age is not enough. For normal development of the child wants more traffic volume. By three months do not have to swaddle him too tight - let jerk legs and arms, if he wants.
111. Also recommended daily "exercise" (of course, included in the mode of the day) for a child. At the optimum temperature for him - 22 ° C to undress the child and put it on a blanket (on the bed or on the same changing table). Let the kid do what he wants. When he nadrygaetsya for fun, turn it on her tummy - in this position strengthens the back muscles and the neck, because the child is forced to hold his head in the air.
112. At about the age of three months the child is already able to control and coordinate the movement of your hands. Typically, the baby pulls his hands to his mouth and starts sucking his fingers. This act gives him pleasure, but it should not be permitted because of time may develop a bad habit that will lead to malformation of the teeth.
113. Attention, do not leave your child unattended three. He is very active and is able to independently turn over on his stomach. There were times when my mother, leaving the child on the bed, went out for a moment to the next room or the kitchen, but returned and displayed a child, as if nothing had happened on the floor smiling. Well, if the child is a mother rotozeyki-roll on the floor well. And if not -? ..
When you have a short time away from the baby, put it in the crib and feel at ease.
114. Do not pamper your baby. Be patient with him and affectionate. Do not leave it unattended, but do not let him know that you feel it almost center of the universe - not to educate your child selfish. Children feel pretty accurate attitude on the part of others - even at this age.
115. It was long thought that the basis of the nature of man - in his heredity, and education - is something superficial, superstructure. No doubt, heredity plays a significant role, but not decisive - Psychological studies it has been proved. That flaws education can make a person miserable and vulnerable for life ... Sure to talk to your pediatrician experienced, how to raise your kid with a "youthful nails."
116. You are free to assess whether the physical and mental development of your child's three age norm. You need to know that:
- The third month of the child is able to hold himself while the head;
- Actively moving arms and legs, but can sometimes take his own hand as a foreign object and examine it with great interest, and yanks feet splashing in the bath, do not like to be swaddled, and sometimes opposed to this;
- Interested and available items: watches them enough draws to itself;
- Three child learns relatives and friends, meets a smile to smile;
- The child has already developed hearing, the child listens to the sounds, to unfamiliar sounds - with suspicion;
__trehmesyachny child is itself publishes some
sounds - and gets pleasure from it.
117. At the age of three months, the child, as mentioned above, is beginning to show interest not only to the hands and fingers, but also to the subjects, particularly in toys, which he already must have plenty. This is a very important point. Toys are needed for normal physical and mental development.
However, not all toys are suitable for three consecutive child. Not appropriate toys that can not be washed or treated with a disinfectant solution - for example, fabric, faux fur, plush, etc. Also excluded are small toys, toys with sharp edges that can hurt, toys that can be taken apart.
Ideal - toys made of plastic, rubber and wood (with rounded edges).
118. Well, when the child in the crib hanging brightly colored rattles. Available than stare that consider practicing a good eye (well, close), there is something to stretch - stretch your muscles, learn to coordinate direction, and in general - there is something to apply curiosity, and, carried away, give my mom a rest.
119. It is not recommended to give the child multiple toys. It is better to give one - that it is fully owned by his attention. Also, do not leave your child a toy for a long time - it will get used to it and stop showing interest. From time to time it is necessary to change the toys.
120. If you are hung up toys, then position them so that they were right in front of the eyes of the child,-otherwise the baby will always have to squint your eyes, which for obvious reasons is not desirable.
121. All the toys with which your child has contact, wash with soap and water frequently. And they can be stored under the diaper, so that the toys do not settle the dust.
122. Young parents are often mistaken in believing that their child is still small and does not understand the feelings of adults. He understands - feels. And if the parents do not find it possible to hide from some of their child mood - anxiety, for example, about any domestic problems - and then their child is growing nervous. Rest - it is one of the most important conditions for normal mental development of your baby.